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Sunday, December 4, 2011

Fish oil boosts memory function by 15 per cent


Fish oil boosts memory function by 15 per cent

Including oily fish like salmon and trout in one’s diet can significantly improve memory by almost 15 percent and help prevent the onset of dementia, a new study has found.

Welma Stonehouse and her team from the Massey University in New Zealand gave supplements containing DHA, an Omega-3 fatty acid found in foods such as salmon, mackerel, sardines, trout, prawns and mussels, to 176 healthy adults over a period of six months.

During this time memory and cognitive function were assessed and compared to a placebo group.

After treatment, memory, working memory and speed of working memory all showed significant improvements.

It is believed that DHA could be key in preventing Alzheimer’s disease, one of the most common forms of dementia, characterised by a decline in mental abilities, such as memory and reasoning and often associated with increasing age.

“This is the first robust study to show that a DHA-rich supplement can improve some aspects of memory functioning in young healthy adults,” the Daily Mail quoted Stonehouse as saying.

“The cognitive functions shown to be affected by the DHA-rich fish oil, namely memory and working memory, are among the most important functions of our brains for numerous everyday activities, such as working, driving, shopping, studying, playing sports, etc.

“Maintaining brain health and getting your brain to perform at its optimal capacity is just as vital as maintaining physical wellbeing and health,” she said.

DHA, is one of the most highly concentrated fats in the brain and known to play a vital role in the structure and functioning of the brain, but as the body cannot effectively make this fatty acid it must be consumed as part of the diet.

The researchers also highlighted that as many people fail to eat enough fish and seafood, the brain’s performance is potentially compromised.

The study showed that male participants who took a DHA supplement demonstrated 15 percent faster working memory while women had a seven percent improvement in the speed of episodic memory.

“These findings contribute to the growing body of research showing that omega-3’s play a very important role in brain function throughout the life cycle, even in healthy cognitively intact individuals,” she added. (ANI)
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Why pregnant moms should refrain from high street coffee




Why pregnant moms should refrain from high street coffee


Pregnant mothers should avoid consuming coffee from high street cafes as they contain more caffeine than recommended levels, researchers say.

The soon-to-be mothers inadvertently put the health of their unborn babies at risk by drinking coffee from such cafes.

The researchers analysed espressos from 20 coffee shops and found that there were huge variations in the amount of caffeine they contain - with the strongest having more than six times as much as the weakest.

The most worrying part was that the strongest example contained over 50 per cent more caffeine in a single cup than a pregnant woman is advised to take over the course of an entire day.

Fears about birth defects, miscarriage and premature delivery imply that pregnant women are advised to limit themselves to 200mg of caffeine a day.

This is generally equivalent to four cups of strong coffee, expected to contain 50mg of caffeine each.

But only one of the 20 coffees studied – the one from Starbucks – contained around this amount. All of the others were stronger, the Daily Mail reported.

According to the Royal Society of Chemistry journal Food and Function, four had more than 200mg in a single cup, with the strongest having more than 300mg.

Researcher Alan Crozier said that caffeine, which crosses the placenta to the unborn baby, usually takes five hours to break down in the body to half its previous level.

“There is clearly a problem. People at risk could unwittingly ingest far more caffeine than they would ever dream of,” he said.

But the process can take up to 30 hours in certain groups, including children, liver disease sufferers and pregnant women.

An unborn baby’s liver will struggle to break down caffeine, with potential long-term consequences. (ANI)
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New antibodies give 100pc protection to mice against HIV infection




New antibodies give 100pc protection to mice against HIV infection

Scientists have developed a way of delivering broadly neutralizing antibodies in mice, and in doing so, have effectively protected them from HIV infection.

Over the past year, researchers at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), and around the world, have been studying a group of potent antibodies that have the ability to neutralize HIV in the lab, and their hope is that they may learn how to create a vaccine that makes antibodies with similar properties.

Now, biologists at Caltech led by Nobel Laureate David Baltimore, president emeritus and Robert Andrews Millikan Professor of Biology, have taken one step closer to that goal and have developed a new approach to HUIV prevention, called Vectored ImmunoProphylaxis or VIP.

Traditional efforts to develop a vaccine against HIV have been centered on designing substances that provoke an effective immune response, either in the form of antibodies to block infection or T cells that attack infected cells. With VIP, protective antibodies are being provided up front.

“VIP has a similar effect to a vaccine, but without ever calling on the immune system to do any of the work,” Alejandro Balazs, lead author of the study, said.

“Normally, you put an antigen or killed bacteria or something into the body, and the immune system figures out how to make an antibody against it. We’ve taken that whole part out of the equation,” he said.

Since mice are not sensitive to HIV, the researchers used specialized mice carrying human immune cells that are able to grow HIV. They utilized an adeno-associated virus (AAV), a small, harmless virus that has been useful in gene-therapy trials, as a carrier to deliver genes that are able to specify antibody production.

The AAV was injected into the leg muscle of mice, and the muscle cells then put broadly neutralizing antibodies into the animals’ circulatory systems.

Researchers found that the treated mice in the study appeared to have 100 percent protection against HIV.

It was also found that after just a single AAV injection, the mice produced high concentrations of these antibodies for the rest of their lives, as shown by intermittent sampling of their blood. Remarkably, these antibodies protected the mice from infection when the researchers exposed them to HIV intravenously.

According to the researchers, the leap from mice to humans is large, and the fact that the approach works in mice does not necessarily mean it will be successful in humans.

Still, the researchers believe that the large amounts of antibodies that the mice were able to produce, coupled with the finding that a relatively small amount of antibody has proved protective in the mice, may translate into human protection against HIV infection.

“We’re not promising that we’ve actually solved the human problem,” he said.

“But the evidence for prevention in these mice is very clear,” Baltimore added.

The study has been published in the journal Nature. (ANI)
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Saturday, December 3, 2011

Global Leading Companies of 2011

Global Leading Companies of 2011


RankCompanyCountrySalesProfitsAssetsMarket Value
1JPMorgan Chase

JPMorgan Chase

United States$115.5 B$17.4 B$2,117.6 B$182.2 B
2HSBC Holdings

HSBC Holdings

United Kingdom$103.3 B$13.3 B$2,467.9 B$186.5 B
3General Electric

General Electric

United States$150.2 B$11.6 B$751.2 B$216.2 B
4ExxonMobil

ExxonMobil

United States$341.6 B$30.5 B$302.5 B$407.2 B
5Royal Dutch Shell

Royal Dutch Shell

Netherlands$369.1 B$20.1 B$317.2 B$212.9 B
6PetroChina

PetroChina

China$222.3 B$21.2 B$251.3 B$320.8 B
7ICBC

ICBC

China$69.2 B$18.8 B$1,723.5 B$239.5 B
8Berkshire Hathaway

Berkshire Hathaway

United States$136.2 B$13 B$372.2 B$211 B
8Petrobras-Petróleo Brasil

Petrobras-Petróleo Brasil

Brazil$121.3 B$21.2 B$313.2 B$238.8 B
10Citigroup

Citigroup

United States$111.5 B$10.6 B$1,913.9 B$132.8 B
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World's Most Powerful Women 2011




World's Most Powerful Women 2011

RankNameAgeCountryCategory
1Angela Merkel

Angela Merkel

Chancellor

57GermanyPolitics
2Hillary Clinton

Hillary Clinton

Secretary of State

64United StatesPolitics
3Dilma Rousseff

Dilma Rousseff

President

63BrazilPolitics
4Indra Nooyi

Indra Nooyi

Chief Executive, PepsiCo

56United StatesBusiness
5Sheryl Sandberg

Sheryl Sandberg

COO, Facebook

42United StatesBusiness
6Melinda Gates

Melinda Gates

Cofounder, Cochair, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

47United StatesNon-Profit
7Sonia Gandhi

Sonia Gandhi

President

64IndiaPolitics
8Michelle Obama

Michelle Obama

First Lady

47United StatesPolitics
9Christine Lagarde

Christine Lagarde

Managing Director, International Monetary Fund

55FranceNon-Profit
10Irene Rosenfeld

Irene Rosenfeld

CEO, Kraft Foods

58United StatesBusiness
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Sachin Sahrawat